| 3.75 to 3.99 |
- When automation functions reliably, as it does most of the time,
it can induce pilots to be less alert in monitoring its behavior,
and less prepared to take immediate action when needed. (pc3)
- The behavior of automation devices is not adequately apparent
for pilot monitoring, resulting in reduced pilot awareness of
automation behavior. (pc83)
- It is difficult to decide what levels of automation are appropriate
in specific circumstances, increasing pilot workload. (pc103)
- Pilots use automation in situations where it should not be used.
(pc106)
- In pilot evaluation there is an overemphasis on automation skills
to the extent that manual and non automation related cognitive
skills are minimized. Pilots may therefore lack non automated
operations skills. (pc116)
- Information about the mode (state) and behavior of the
automation itself adds to the pilot's information processing load,
resulting in increased workload and opportunities for error.
(pc119)
- The ability of the automation to perform correctly and quickly is
limited by design constraints, in some cases increasing pilot
workload and the opportunity for error. (pc126)
- The necessary simplicity of the pilot automation interface may
hide important complexities, leading to unexpected behaviors
and difficulty performing complex operations. (pc128)
- Pilots become overconfident in the capabilities of automation
and fail to exercise appropriate diligence, leading to unsafe
conditions. (pc131)
- Training objectives, methods, materials, or equipment are
inadequate to properly train pilots for safe and effective
automated aircraft operation. (pc133)
- Automation displays often show only current state and no
estimate of future state. This prevents pilots from anticipating
and preparing for problems that are likely to occur. (pc152)
- Onboard warning and advisory systems may cause conflicts with
ATC clearances, leading to loss of separation or other unsafe
conditions. (pc157)
- Automation often increases pilot workload, leading to unsafe
conditions. (pc164)
- Cultural differences are not adequately considered in
automation design, training, certification, and operations.
Because they are not considered, they have resulting effects on
performance and how automation is used. (pc165)
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